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Roof decking, also called sheathing, is the flat board material—typically plywood or OSB—that forms the structural base of your roof. It sits on top of the rafters and serves as the surface to which underlayment and shingles are attached. Damaged or rotted decking must be replaced before new roofing materials are installed.
Underlayment is a water-resistant or waterproof barrier installed directly on the roof decking before shingles are laid. It provides a secondary layer of protection against moisture intrusion in case shingles become damaged or displaced. Common types include felt underlayment and synthetic underlayment, each offering different levels of durability.
Flashing refers to thin metal strips—usually aluminum or galvanized steel—installed around roof penetrations such as chimneys, vents, skylights, and valleys. Its purpose is to seal joints and redirect water away from vulnerable areas. Improper or deteriorated flashing is one of the most common causes of roof leaks.
An ice and water shield is a self-adhering waterproof membrane applied to critical areas of the roof, such as eaves, valleys, and around penetrations. It protects against water damage caused by ice dams and wind-driven rain. Most building codes require this layer in cold-weather climates during a roof replacement.
A drip edge is a metal strip installed along the edges of the roof to guide water away from the fascia and into the gutters. It prevents water from seeping under shingles at the roof's perimeter and protects the underlying decking from rot. Drip edge installation is a standard part of a proper roof replacement.
Asphalt shingles are the most widely used roofing material in residential construction, available in three-tab and architectural (laminate) styles. They consist of a fiberglass mat coated with asphalt and topped with mineral granules for UV and weather protection. Architectural shingles are thicker and more durable, offering longer lifespans and greater aesthetic variety.
A roof valley is the internal angle formed where two sloping roof planes meet, creating a channel that directs rainwater down and off the roof. Valleys are high-traffic water zones and must be properly sealed with flashing or specialized valley underlayment during replacement. Poor valley installation can lead to concentrated leaks and premature material failure.
A tear-off refers to the complete removal of existing roofing materials—including shingles, underlayment, and sometimes decking—before installing a new roof system. Unlike a roof overlay, a full tear-off allows contractors to inspect and repair the decking and ensures the new materials lie flat and adhere properly. Most manufacturers require a tear-off to honor their warranty.
